Cement and concrete construction.



8.]. PARKER.

CEMENT AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED DE C.23,1916.

Patented Oct. 1, 1918.

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CEMENI AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION A LICATION FILED DEC.23. 1916,

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LCA ION FILED DEC.23. I916.

Patented 001'. 1, 1918.

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CEMENT AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION. FTLED DEC.23,I9l6.

A TTORNEN i l l UNITED sTATEs P ENT OFFICE. v

BARTON J. PARKER, or HOUSTON, TExAs;

i CEMENT AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 1, 1918 Application filed December 23, 1916. Serial No. 138,616.

'- To all whom it may concern:

I specification.

be integrally united, forming a unit.

Another featureof the invention resides in the provisionof a structure of the char- 'acter described wherein the, walls, ceiling and floors are formed double providing air spaces therein, for the free circulation of air when the ventilators are open, and forming dead air spaces when said, ventilators are closed, the studding and framing being provided with perforations, spaced apart, to permit the circulation of air therethrough, and also to form a key for securing the plastic material to the framing.

A further feature of the .invention resides in an improved method of securing the lathing, which supports the cement, con-' crete or other materials to the studding and framework.

A still further feature of theinvention resides in an improved form-of down spout through which the water is conducted from the roof of the structure.

With the above and other objects in view,

the invention has particular relation to certain novel features of construction, use and arrangement of parts, an example of which is given in this specification and illustrated in, the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure I is a fragmentary view, partially in section, of the structure hereinafter de-,

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of one of the walls.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary'vertical sectional yiew. thereof. v 1 i Fig. 4 is a fragmentary. transverse sectional view thereof. a

Figs. 5 and 6 show perspective views of the forms of trowels which may be employed in erecting the structure.

Fig. 7 shows a fragmentary perspective view of thefwindow casing.

Fig. 8 shows a vertical sectional view thereof.

Fig. 9 shows a finished corner of the structure.

Figs. 10 and 11 show forms of partially completed down spouts in process of constructlon. v c j I Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of a section of the wall showing a meansv for applying the plastic material to the framing and laths, and

Fig. 13 shows an implement for applying the plastic material. i

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, wherein like numerals of reference designate similar parts in each of the figures, the numeral 1 refers to the founda- I tion whereon the. framework is supported.-

The parts of this framework are formed preferably of sheet metal formed into channels and of sufficient strength to sustain the load to be carried. The numeral 2 refers to the upright studding and the numeral 3 designates the joists employed. The rafters 4 supporting the roof are also formed of similar channels and the studding, joists and rafters are provided with perforations 5, spaced apart to provide for air circulation as hereinafter explained. Clips or teeth 6, are stamped out from the body of the studding, joists and rafters on each side to retain the wire mesh laths 7 and 8. These projectv through the mesh of the lathe and are clenched, as shown in Fig. 3 to secure the lathing in place, said lathing, however, may be fastened in position in. any other manner that may be found expedient.

. In construction, the foundation is laid under all inside and outside walls, and the metalstuds then set in this foundation for the first story of the structure. These studs.

are then secured together at their upper ends by means of plates as in ordinary framing and the joists 3 placed in position. The outside lath 7 is then secured to the studding, and inclosed in cement, concrete or other similar material 9. This may be done-by forcing the plastic material against said lath by means of a cement gun or spray, or other desired. method, preferably from the inside,

the trowel 10 being held against the outside of the lath opposite the point of application and moved as the work progresses so as to stop the material which is forced through metal channels, and the plastic material will,

when a cement gun is used, blow through the orifices 5 of the studding leaving them open for air circulation and also key the material to the framing. In a similar manner the plastic material is applied to the inner lathing, and when applied, trowel 11 is placed between the lathing opposite the point of application, This trowel is wide enough to extend from one stud to the other and is held in position by fiat springs 12, 12, which press against the outer'lath, said'trowel being moved as the work progresses and smoothing the inner side of the inner sec tion 18 of the wall.

The ceiling, floors, partitions and roof are formed in a similar manner, it being understood of course that a cement gun or any other suitable means of application of the cement or concrete may be employed. The plastic material is applied in such a manner as to thoroughly incase the lathing, studding, joists and rafters and to unite them all in one integral hollow wall of structure reinforced by means of the'metal framing and lathing. Finishing coats are then, of course, applied to the. outer and inner surfaces of the walls to give the structure a finished appearance.

The window casings 1 4 and corner boards 15 as well as base boards and molding, are also formed of the same material as the rest of the structure and made integral therewith by fastening a strip of wood (not shown) of the desired thickness on the facing and back from the window opening, or from the corner of the structure the desired distance and then applying the plastic material until it is flush with the strip and smoothing the same ofi. This may be applied with a small spray or trowel or in any other practical nianner and should be applied before the bcdy of the wall has thoroughly set.

The structure is provided with suitable down spouts at 16 leading from the roof gutter 17 and whose lower ends 18 are turned out through the wall. These down spouts are secured to the wall'and are constructed by formingwire mesh into a tube as 19 and fitting the same vertically in the wall space or securing them on the side of the wall. A cylindrical trowel 20 is then let down through this tube to the bottom thereof by means of a pipe 21 to the lower end of which it is attached. The plastic material is then poured into the tube and the trowel elevated up through the plastic material which forces the same out through the wire mesh incasing the same and leaving the inside thereof smooth. Fig. 11 shows the down spout formed by securing lathmg on opposite sides of studding, located close together and which are incased in the plastic material as above explained.

In a similar manner the walls may be formed as shown in Fig. 12 by securing the laths 7 and 8 on opposite sides of the studding as hereinbefore explained, and using a suitably shaped trowel 22 in the same manner as in the construction of the down spout.

The structure is provided at its base with a suitable ventilator 23 which may be opened and closed in the usual Way, admitting air into the basement which passes through the openings 24 into the air spaces in the walls and circulates through said passes freely passing through the orifices 5.

In cold weather on account of the dead air in the hollow of the wall, the inner sur-' building will not be condensed upon the walls causing sweating thereof as in th case of solid concrete walls.

A structure of the character described will be of cheap and easy construction as well as fire proof and sanitary.

The principle of construction hereinbefore explained is also applied in the construction of ships, barges and other marine work. In this character of work the air spaces between the walls are ver important, reducing the weight, and the double walls reinforced by the frame work integral therewith, give great rigidit to the structure.

In marine construction t e joists and studs hereinbefore referred to, become ribs, an have no perforations, so thwt'in case the outside wall is punctured, the inner wall will hold and only one compartment willbe filled with water. What I claim is: 1. The method of producing a cellular structure of reinforced concrete which con- 'sists in first outlining a structure with ametallic frame of wholly or partly foraminous reinforcing material, providing in one or in a plurality of juxtaposed continuous cells a structure of the desired shape, second,

in embedding the said reinforcing frame ina monolithic mass of concrete by means of a mandrel-like tool continuously supplied with concrete and drawn through the cell passages from end to end, thereby forcing the concrete through and into intimate contact with all the parts of the frame and in then troweling the exuding keys into a unitary mass supplemented where necessary by additional concrete.

2. The art of making hollow walled strucu b m 1,280,580 a g i .3

tures which consists in erecting a light, selfsupporting reinforce frame, comprising main members suitably disposed with, sheets of reticulated material positioned on opposite sides thereof, introducing a mandrel like cement feeding member between the sheets; in feeding and forcing cement against the sheets and main members and I through the reticulations by movement of the mandrel-like member and troweling the exuding keys supplemented where necessary by additional concrete whereby the entire frame is embedded in cement thereby forming a monolithlc construction. I

3. The process of constructing a hollow body which comprises theerectionv of a wholly or partially foraminous structure of;

theshape of the body to be constructed, applying a combined-mortar supplyingand smoothing implement at one end of the foraminous structure and adjacent the walls thereof on all sides, moving said implement along said structure. and simultaneously and:

progresslvely causing mortar to be supplied by said implement whereby said mortar-1s caused to'extrude through the foraminations in said body and be smoothed by said implement, then troweling the exudin I 7 supplemented where necessary additional keys concrete.

4. The process of constructing a hollow body which comprises the erection of a tures'which consists in'erecting a light, selfreinforce frame, comprising v supportin main'mem are suitably disposed with sheets of reticulated material positioned on oppoq site sides thereof to form continuous cells, introducing a mandrel-like member between the sheets; in feeding and forcing cement against the sheets and main members and by movement of the mandrel-like member causing the cement to egiude through the 55 foraminations to form united exuding keys. In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BARTON J. PARKER. Witnesses: v

- -E. V. HARDWAY,

Joe. WgOLIVER. 

